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1.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 64(3): 237-244, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35676055

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to show the usefulness of the pneumo-computed tomography gastric distention technique in the detection and morphological characterization of subepithelial gastric lesions. We correlate the pneumo-computed tomography and pathology findings in lesions studied at our institution and review the relevant literature. CONCLUSION: Pneumo-computed tomography, combined with multiplanar reconstructions, three-dimensional reconstructions, and virtual endoscopy, is useful for delineating the morphological details of subepithelial gastric lesions, thanks to the additional gastric distention. This technique better delimits and characterizes the upper and lower margins of the lesions. Pneumo-computed tomography can be considered a useful noninvasive imaging techniques for characterizing these lesions.


Subject(s)
Gastroscopy , Stomach Neoplasms , Gastroscopy/methods , Humans , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
2.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 64(3): 237-244, May-Jun 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204581

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo es destacar la utilidad de la técnica de distensión gástrica neumo-tomografía computarizada en la detección y caracterización morfológica de las lesiones subepiteliales gástricas estudiadas en nuestra institución, con su correlación de anatomía patológica y una revisión de la literatura. Conclusión: La neumo-tomografía computarizada combinada con las reconstrucciones multiplanares, las reconstrucciones tridimensionales y la endoscopia virtual es útil para delinear los detalles morfológicos de las lesiones subepiteliales gástricas debido a la distensión gástrica adicional. Se logra una mejor delimitación de sus bordes superior e inferior, así como las características de sus márgenes. Puede considerarse una técnica de imagen útil y no invasiva para la caracterización de estas lesiones.(AU)


Objective: This article aims to show the usefulness of the pneumo-computed tomography gastric distention technique in the detection and morphological characterization of subepithelial gastric lesions. We correlate the pneumo-computed tomography and pathology findings in lesions studied at our institution and review the relevant literature. Conclusion: Pneumo-computed tomography, combined with multiplanar reconstructions, three-dimensional reconstructions, and virtual endoscopy, is useful for delineating the morphological details of subepithelial gastric lesions, thanks to the additional gastric distention. This technique better delimits and characterizes the upper and lower margins of the lesions. Pneumo-computed tomography can be considered a useful noninvasive imaging techniques for characterizing these lesions.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Stomach , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Thorax/diagnostic imaging , Radiography
3.
Medicina UPB ; 41(1): 51-60, mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1362696

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori es un carcinógeno tipo I resistente a múltiples antibióticos y con alta prioridad en salud pública. La infección por este microorganismo está influenciada por una interacción compleja entre la genética del huésped, el entorno y múltiples factores de virulencia de la cepa infectante. Afecta al 50 % de la población mundial, provocando afecciones gastroduodenales graves, la mayoría de forma asintomática. El 20 % de los individuos con H. pylori pueden desarrollar a través del tiempo lesiones gástricas preneoplásicas y el 2 % de ellos un cáncer gástrico. Las manifestaciones clínicas gastrointestinales y extragastrointestinales están asociadas a su virulencia y a la respuesta del sistema inmunológico con la liberación de citosinas proinflamatorias, tales como TNF-alfa, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-8, causantes de inflamación aguda y crónica. Múltiples factores de virulencia han sido estudiados como el gen A asociado a la citotoxina (CagA) y la citotoxina vacuolante (VacA), los cuales juegan un rol importante en la aparición del cáncer gástrico. Dada la resistencia cada vez mayor a los antibióticos utilizados, las líneas de estudio en el futuro inmediato deben estar encaminadas en establecer la utilidad de los nuevos antibióticos y la determinación de profagos colombianos en todo el país. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo hacer una puesta al día sobre las características del H. pylori, los mecanismos patogénicos, genes de virulencia, su asociación con el mayor riesgo de cáncer gástrico, farmacorresistencia microbiana y su erradicación.


Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a class I carcinogen resistant to multiple antibiotics and with high priority in public health. The infection caused by this microorganism is influenced by a complex interaction between host genetics, environment, and multiple virulence factors of the infecting strain. It affects 50% of the world population, causing severe gastroduodenal conditions, most of them asymptomatic. Through time, 20% of individuals with H. pylori may develop preneoplastic gastric lesions and 2% of them develop gastric cancer. The gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal clinical manifestations are associated with its virulence and the response of the immune system with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8, which cause acute and chronic inflammation. Multiple virulence factors have been studied, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), which play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Due to the increasing antibiotics resistance, the research in the immediate future should be aimed at establishing the usefulness of the new antibiotics and the determination of Colombian prophages throughout the country. This paper aims to update the characteristics of H. pylori, its pathogenic mechanisms, virulence genes, its association with the increased risk of gastric cancer, microbial drug resistance, and eradication.


Helicobacter pylorié um carcinógeno tipo I resistente a múltiplos antibióticos e com alta prioridade na saúde pública. A infecção por este microrganismo está influenciada por uma interação complexa entre a genética do hospede, o entorno e múltiplos fatores de virulência da cepa infectante. Afeta a 50% da população mundial, provocando afeções gastroduodenais graves, a maioria de forma assintomática. 20% dos indivíduos com H. pylori podem desenvolver através do tempo lesões gástricas pré-neoplásicas e 2% deles um câncer gástrico. As manifestações clínicas gastrointestinais e extragastrointestinais estão associadas à sua virulência e à resposta do sistema imunológico com a liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, tais como TNF-alfa, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-8, causantes de inflamação aguda e crónica. Múltiplos fatores de virulência hão sido estudados como o gene. A associado à citotoxina (CagA) e a citotoxina vacuolante (VacA), os quais jogam um papel importante no aparecimento do câncer gástrico. Dada a resistência cada vez maior aos antibióticos utilizados, as linhas de estudo no futuro imediato devem estar encaminhadas em estabelecer a utilidade dos novos antibióticos e a determinaçãode profagos colombianos em todo o país. Esta revisão tem como objetivo fazer uma atualização sobre as características do H. pylori, os mecanismos patogénicos, genes de virulência, sua associação com o maior risco de câncer gástrico, farmacorresistência microbiana e sua erradicação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Helicobacter pylori , Drug Resistance , Carcinogens , Virulence Factors , Disease Eradication , Immune System , Anti-Bacterial Agents
4.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(3): 257-261, jun. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115552

ABSTRACT

Resumen El cáncer gástrico es una patología de alta incidencia en Chile. Afortunadamente es baja la incidencia de márgenes R1 cuando se realiza una cirugía con intención curativa. Al tener un tumor subcardial o cardial es perentorio realizar una biopsia rápida (intraoperatoria), en caso que ésta resulte positiva, es difícil tomar una decisión sobre qué realizar a continuación, ya que el realizar una esofagoyeyunoanastomosis intratorácica aumenta el riesgo quirúrgico. Para esto, es de suma importancia tener la información de las características histopatológicas del tumor, el riesgo de filtración, la recurrencia, la sobrevida, las terapias adyuvantes y la realidad país. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura con el fin de poder guiar la toma de decisiones.


Gastric cancer is a pathology with a high incidence in Chile, fortunately, the incidence of R1 margins is low when performing surgery with curative intent. When having a sub cardial or cardial tumor, it is essential to perform a rapid (intraoperative) biopsy, if this is positive when cutting the esophagus just under the pillars, it is difficult to make the decision of what to do next, since performing an inthrathoracic esophagojejunostomy increases the surgical risk. For this, it is very important to have information about the histopathological characteristics of the tumor, the leakage risk, there currence, the survival, the adjuvant therapies and the reality of the country. A review of the literature was done in order to guide the decisions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Biopsy/methods , Margins of Excision , Recurrence , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Gastrectomy/methods , Intraoperative Period
5.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 34(1): 17-22, ene.-mar. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003833

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: el cáncer gástrico es un problema de salud pública; ocupa el quinto y tercer lugar en incidencia y mortalidad mundial, respectivamente. Objetivo: describir las barreras para la atención en salud percibidas por el adulto con cáncer gástrico, su cuidador y el médico tratante en el departamento de Santander, Colombia-etapa exploratoria en el período 2015-2016. Metodología: estudio cualitativo utilizando algunas técnicas del proceso de análisis de la teoría fundamentada a partir de la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas que fueron codificadas y categorizadas con el software N-VIVO 10. Resultados: Emergieron 13 categorías, 182 códigos descritos en 6 ejes: el primero relacionado con el significado del cáncer y sus barreras; el segundo con las principales barreras para la atención en salud, cuyo orden de mayor a menor frecuencia fue: administrativas, económicas, culturales, de conocimiento, de comunicación e institucionales; el tercero es las estrategias para superar las barreras; el cuarto, las estrategias para disminuirlas; el quinto, sentimientos y el rol de la familia; y el sexto, necesidades del paciente. Conclusión: la fragmentación y segmentación del sistema de salud impone barreras que limitan el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer gástrico y su manejo oportuno. Además, amenazan la calidad de vida del adulto enfermo y su familia.


Abstract Introduction: Gastric cancer is a public health problem that ranks fifth in world incidence and third in mortality. Objective: The aim of the exploratory stage of this study was to describe the barriers to health care perceived by adults with gastric cancer, their caregivers, and their attending physicians in the department of Santander, Colombia in 2015 and 2016. Methodology: This is a qualitative study using process techniques and grounded theory analysis based on semi-structured interviews that were codified and categorized with N-VIVO 10. Results: Thirteen categories and 182 codes described along 6 axes emerged. The first axis is related to the meaning of cancer and its barriers. The second is related to the primary barriers to health care which are, in order from most frequent to least frequent: administrative, economic, cultural, knowledge, communication and institutional. The third axis consists of strategies to overcome barriers. The fourth consists of strategies to diminish barriers. The fifth is related to feelings and the role of the family, and the sixth contains the patient's needs. Conclusion: Fragmentation and segmentation of the health care system imposes barriers that limit early diagnosis of gastric cancer and timely management. In addition, they threaten the quality of life of the sick adult and her or his family.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Stomach Neoplasms , Health Systems , Delivery of Health Care
6.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 30(1): 13-20, 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103775

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) or chronic atrophic gastritis type A, is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the body and fundus mucosa of the stomach. It is an underdiagnosed entity, whose clinical presentation has a broad spectrum, which may include asymptomatic patients; hematological manifestations such as iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (so called pernicious); non-specific digestive symptoms like dyspepsia; neurological and psychiatric manifestations. AIG is associated with other autoimmune diseases, mainly hypothyroidism ("Tyrogastric Syndrome") and type 1 diabetes. It is characterized by the development of anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies, decrease in pepsinogen I (PGI) level with low PGI/PGII ratio (< 3), and high level of gastrin. Endoscopic findings are not sufficient for the diagnosis of gastric atrophy. The use of the Sydney pathological report protocol and the OLGA/OLGIM system to evaluate the severity of gastritis have improved their diagnosis and the possibility to establish the risk of developing gastric neoplasms. The importance of its diagnosis and surveillance is based on the development of type 1 neuroendocrine gastric neoplasms, in addition to an increased risk of the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, an individualized endoscopic surveillance seems reasonable, with a minimum interval of 3 years.


La gastritis autoinmune (GAI) o gastritis crónica atrófica tipo A, es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta la mucosa del cuerpo y fondo del estómago. La GAI es una entidad subdiagnosticada, cuya presentación clínica es de amplio espectro, puede incluir pacientes asintomáticos; manifestaciones hematológicas, tales como anemia ferropriva, anemia por déficit de vitamina B12 (anemia perniciosa); digestivas inespecíficas tipo dispepsia; neurológicas y psiquiátricas. La GAI está asociada a otras enfermedades autoinmunes, principalmente hipotiroidismo ("síndrome tirogástrico") y diabetes tipo 1. Se caracteriza por el desarrollo de anticuerpos anti células parietales y anti factor intrínseco, bajo nivel de pepsinógeno I (PGI) con una baja relación PGI/PGII (< 3), e hipergastrinemia. Los hallazgos endoscópicos no son suficientes para el diagnóstico de atrofia gástrica. El uso de protocolo de Sydney de reporte patológico y sistema OLGA/OLGIM para evaluar la severidad de gastritis han mejorado su diagnóstico y objetivado su riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias gástricas. La importancia de su diagnóstico y seguimiento está basada en el desarrollo de neoplasias gástricas neuroendocrinas tipo 1, además de un riesgo incrementado de la incidencia de adenocarcinoma gástrico, entre otros. Actualmente, parece razonable un seguimiento endoscópico individualizado, siendo un intervalo mínimo de 3 años.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , Gastritis, Atrophic/diagnosis , Gastritis, Atrophic/immunology , Gastritis, Atrophic/therapy , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Vitamin B 12 , Autoimmunity , Chronic Disease , Helicobacter pylori , Gastritis, Atrophic/physiopathology , Anemia, Pernicious
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(5): 1183-1186, set.-out. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827911

ABSTRACT

Tumores gástricos em animais domésticos são raros, e a literatura pertinente é escassa. Em humanos, esse tumor representa 80% dos tumores mesenquimais do trato digestivo, sendo mais comum no estômago (70%). Indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos, principalmente do gênero masculino, são os mais afetados, e o diagnosticado é feito com base em suas manifestações clínicas associadas à morfologia celular típica e à imuno-histoquímica positiva. O presente trabalho objetiva descrever um sarcoma gástrico em cão, assim como o diagnóstico, o tratamento cirúrgico e o pós-cirúrgico do animal. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (Unimes) um cão macho, SRD, 10 anos, 8,3kg, castrado, com bom estado geral, com queixa de emese há um ano. Na ultrassonografia abdominal foi observada a presença de uma formação arredondada no estômago que media 3,20 x 2,61cm, localizada na região epigástrica em contiguidade com a parede. O cão foi submetido a endoscopia gástrica, em que se observou a presença de uma massa arredondada na região pilórica, confirmada na laparotomia e na gastrotomia. O tumor retirado foi enviado para avaliação anatomopatológica, e os achados foram compatíveis com sarcoma estromal gástrico.(AU)


Gastric tumors in domestic animals are rare and the literature is scarce. In humans this tumor represents 80% of mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract, most commonly in the stomach (70%). Affected individuals are middle-aged and elderly, especially males, diagnosed from its clinical manifestations in association with typical cell morphology and positive immunohistochemistry. The aim of this report was to describe a gastric sarcoma in a dog, as well as the diagnosis, surgical and post surgical treatment. The experiment was conducted in the Veterinary Hospital of the Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES) on a male dog, SRD, 10 years old, 8.3kg, castrated, in a good general condition, with complaint of emesis for year. In the abdominal ultrasound exam we observed the presence of a round formation in the stomach which measured 3.20 x 2.61cm, located in the epigastric region contiguous with the wall. The dog was submitted to gastric endoscopy, in which the presence of a rounded mass in the pyloric region was observed, and laparotomy and gastrostomy were performed. The removed tumor was sent for pathologic evaluation, where the findings were compatible with gastric stromal sarcoma.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Sarcoma/veterinary , Stomach Neoplasms/veterinary , Gastroscopy/veterinary , Ultrasonography/veterinary
8.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 27(4): 234-236, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-735693

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are useful inflammatory parameters for ruling out acute postoperative inflammatory complications. AIM: To determine their changes in gastric cancer patients submitted to total gastrectomy. METHODS: This is a prospective study, with 36 patients with gastric cancer who were submitted to elective total gastrectomy. On the first, third and fifth postoperative day (POD), blood count and CRP changes were assessed. Patients with postoperative complications were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-one (58%) were men and 15 (42%) women. The mean age was 65 years. The leukocytes peaked on the 1st POD with a mean of 13,826 u/mm³, and decreased to 8,266 u/mm³ by the 5th POD. The bacilliforms peaked on the 1st POD with a maximum value of 1.48%. CRP reached its maximum level on the 3rd POD with a mean of 144.64 mg/l±44.84. Preoperative hematocrit (HCT) was 35% and 33.67% by the 5th POD. Hemoglobin, showed similar values. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocytes increased during the 1st POD but reached normal values by the 5th POD. CRP peaked on the 3rd POD but did not reach normal values by the 5th POD. .


RACIONAL: O hemograma completo (CBC) e a proteína C-reativa (PCR) são úteis para excluir parâmetros inflamatórios e complicações inflamatórias agudas pós-operatórias. OBJETIVO: Determinar mudanças nesses parâmetros em pacientes com câncer gástrico submetidos à gastrectomia total. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 36 pacientes com câncer gástrico submetidos todos à gastrectomia eletiva. No primeiro, terceiro e quinto dias pós-operatórios (PO), alterações do hemograma e as mudanças de PCR foram avaliadas. Os pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias foram excluídos. RESULTADOS: Vinte e um (58%) eram homens e 15 (42%) mulheres. A média de idade era de 65 anos. Os leucócitos atingiram o pico no primeiro PO com média de 13.826 u/mm³​​, e decresceram para 8.266 u/mm³ no quinto. Os bastonetes atingiram o pico no primeiro PO com valor máximo de 1,48%. O nível máximo da PCR foi no 3º PO, com média de 144,64 mg/l±44,84. O hematócrito pré-operatório (HCT) foi de 35% e de 33,67% até o 5o PO. A hemoglobina não apresentou alterações. CONCLUSÕES: Houve aumento de leucócitos no 1o PO mas atingiram valores normais até o 5o PO. PCR atingiu o pico no 3º PO, mas não atingiu os valores normais até o quinto. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Gastrectomy , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Blood Cell Count , Prospective Studies
9.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 27(2): 133-137, Jul-Sep/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-713562

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly applied to gastric cancer surgery. Gastrointestinal tract reconstruction totally done by laparoscopy also has been a challenge for those who developed this procedure. AIM - To describe simplified reconstruction after total or subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer by laparoscopy and the results of its application in a series of cases. METHODS - In the last four years, 75 patients were operated with gastric cancer and two with GIST. Thirty-four were women and 43 men. The age ranged from 38 to 77 years with an average of 55 years. In two patients with GIST a total and a subtotal gastrectomy were performed. In the other 75 patients were done 21 total gastrectomies and 54 subtotal. In all cancers, gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was completed with at least 37 lymph nodes removed. Was used in these operations a modified laparoscopic technique proposed by the authors consisting in a latero lateral esophagojejunal anastomosis with linear stapler in TG as well in STG, and reconstruction of the digestive continuity also in the upper abdomen. RESULTS - The intraoperative and immediate postoperative course were uneventful, except for one case of bleeding due to an opening clip, necessitating re-intervention. The operative time was 300 minutes, with no difference between total or subtotal gastrectomy. The number of lymph nodes removed varied from 28 to 69, averaging 37. Postoperative staging showed one case in T4 N2 M0; 13 in T2 N0 MO; 27 in T2 N1 M0; 24 in T3 N1 M0 and 10 in T3 N2 M0. Complication in only one case was observed on the 10th postoperative day with a small anastomotic leakage in esophagojejunal anastomose with spontaneous closure. CONCLUSION - The patient's evolution with no complications, no mortality and just one small anastomotic leakage with no systemic repercussions is a strong indication of the liability and feasibility of this innovative technical method. .


RACIONAL: Cada vez mais a cirurgia laparoscópica está sendo aplicada no tratamento cirúrgico do câncer gástrico. A reconstrução do trato gastrointestinal totalmente feita por laparoscopia também tem sido um desafio para aqueles que desenvolveram este procedimento. OBJETIVO: Descrever reconstrução simplificada após gastrectomia total ou subtotal para o câncer gástrico por laparoscopia e os resultados de sua aplicação em uma série de casos. MÉTODOS: Nos últimos quatro anos, 75 pacientes foram operados com câncer gástrico e dois com GIST. Trinta e quatro eram mulheres e 43 homens. A idade variou de 38 a 77 anos com média de 55 anos. Nos dois pacientes com GIST em um foi realizada gastrectomia total e no outro gastrectomia subtotal. Nos outros 75 pacientes foram aplicados 21 gastrectomias totais e 54 subtotais. Em todos os cânceres, a gastrectomia foi completada com linfadenectomia D2 com pelo menos 37 linfonodos retirados. Foi utilizada nas operações modificação técnica laparoscópica proposta pelos autores consistindo em anastomose latero-lateral esôfago jejunal em GT e de modo semelhante na GST e restabelecimento da continuidade digestiva também no abdômen superior. RESULTADOS: O intra-operatório e a evolução pós-operatória imediata transcorreu sem intercorrências, exceto por um caso de sangramento devido à abertura de clipe, sendo necessária re-intervenção. O tempo operatório foi de cerca de 300 minutos, não havendo diferença entre GT e GST. O número de nódulos linfáticos retirados variou de 28 a 69, com média de 37. O estadiamento pós-operatório mostrou um caso em T4 N2 M0; 13 em T2 N0 MO; 27 em T2 N1 M0; 24 em T3 N1 M0; e 10 em T3 N2 M0. Como complicação, em apenas ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Gastrectomy/methods , Laparoscopy , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Gastrointestinal Tract/surgery
10.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 23(2): S63-S66, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-661618

ABSTRACT

Endoscopic treatment of early gastrointestinal neoplasias has become the standard treatment in Japan and other Asia-Pacific countries, while it is still a developing technology in the West. The advent of endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic sub-mucosal dissection in the last decade has allowed early treatment of malignancies in a manner that preserves the organ, avoiding major surgery with less morbidity and mortality, and overall survival rates compared to standard surgery. In Japan and other Asia-Pacific countries, submucosal dissection has shifted over endoscopic mucosal resection as the technique of choice in the recent years, because of the possibility of treating deeper and larger lesions, with higher rates of bloc and curative resections, and lower recurrence rates, but with a higher rate of complications and a longer learning curve.


El tratamiento endoscópico de las neoplasias gastrointestinales precoces se ha convertido en el estándar de tratamiento en Japón y otros países del Asia-Pacífico, siendo aún una técnica en desarrollo en occidente. La aparición de la resección endoscópica de la mucosa y la disección endoscópica submucosa en la última década, ha permitido tratar las neoplasias precoces, logrando preservar el órgano, y evitando así una cirugía mayor, con menor morbi-mortalidad y cifras de sobrevida comparables con el tratamiento quirúrgico convencional. En Japón y otros países del Asia-Pacífico, la disección sub-mucosa ha desplazado en los últimos años a la resección endoscópica de la mucosa como técnica de elección, debido a la posibilidad de resecar lesiones más profundas y de mayor tamaño, con mayor tasa de resección en bloque y curativa, y menor recidiva. Sin embargo, con una mayor tasa de complicaciones y una curva de aprendizaje más larga.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Mucous Membrane/surgery , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Patient Selection
11.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 50(4)oct.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-49453

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: informar los resultados de la aplicación de la linfadenectomía estándar en el adenocarcinoma gástrico en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Universitario Celia Sánchez Manduley, de Manzanillo, Granma. Métodos: se analizó la supervivencia postoperatoria para 5 años de 132 pacientes operados por adenocarcinoma gástrico, a los cuales se les realizó linfadenectomía de los 2 primeros niveles ganglionares. Se determinaron los resultados de parámetros epidemiológicos y se definió la supervivencia por el método de Kaplan-Mier. Resultados: las infecciones respiratorias, la anemia y la sepsis de la herida fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes, pero la oclusión intestinal mecánica tuvo significación con la mortalidad. La supervivencia fue superior a todos los reportes obtenidos en Cuba y mejor que algunos internacionales. Conclusiones: el empleo de la linfadenectomía estándar en el adenocarcinoma gástrico constituye un elemento esencial para establecer y mejorar el pronóstico en estos pacientes(AU)


Objective: to report the results of the application of the standard lymphadenectomy in cases of gastric adenocarcinoma admitted in the Celia Sánchez Manduley Clinical Surgical University Hospital of Manzanillo, Granma province. Methods: the 5-years postoperative survival of 132 patients operated on due to gastric adenocarcinoma that underwent lymphadenectomy of the two first ganglionic levels. The results of the epidemiological parameters were determined and the survival by Kaplan-Meier method was defined. Results: the respiratory infections, anemia and wound sepsis were the more frequent complications, but the mechanical intestinal occlusion had a significance related to mortality. Survival was higher to all reports obtained in Cuba and better than some internationals. Conclusions: the use of standard lymphadenectomy in cases of gastric adenocarcinoma is an essential element to establish and to improve the prognosis in these patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Adenocarcinoma/surgery
12.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 50(4): 500-508, oct.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-614981

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: informar los resultados de la aplicación de la linfadenectomía estándar en el adenocarcinoma gástrico en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Universitario Celia Sánchez Manduley, de Manzanillo, Granma. Métodos: se analizó la supervivencia postoperatoria para 5 años de 132 pacientes operados por adenocarcinoma gástrico, a los cuales se les realizó linfadenectomía de los 2 primeros niveles ganglionares. Se determinaron los resultados de parámetros epidemiológicos y se definió la supervivencia por el método de Kaplan-Mier. Resultados: las infecciones respiratorias, la anemia y la sepsis de la herida fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes, pero la oclusión intestinal mecánica tuvo significación con la mortalidad. La supervivencia fue superior a todos los reportes obtenidos en Cuba y mejor que algunos internacionales. Conclusiones: el empleo de la linfadenectomía estándar en el adenocarcinoma gástrico constituye un elemento esencial para establecer y mejorar el pronóstico en estos pacientes(AU)


Objective: to report the results of the application of the standard lymphadenectomy in cases of gastric adenocarcinoma admitted in the Celia Sánchez Manduley Clinical Surgical University Hospital of Manzanillo, Granma province. Methods: the 5-years postoperative survival of 132 patients operated on due to gastric adenocarcinoma that underwent lymphadenectomy of the two first ganglionic levels. The results of the epidemiological parameters were determined and the survival by Kaplan-Meier method was defined. Results: the respiratory infections, anemia and wound sepsis were the more frequent complications, but the mechanical intestinal occlusion had a significance related to mortality. Survival was higher to all reports obtained in Cuba and better than some internationals. Conclusions: the use of standard lymphadenectomy in cases of gastric adenocarcinoma is an essential element to establish and to improve the prognosis in these patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Surgical Wound Infection/complications , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
13.
Medisan ; 15(11)nov. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616410

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de un hombre de 55 años de edad, en quien se diagnosticó en vida una polimiositis como manifestación paraneoplásica; sin embargo, como no mejoró con el tratamiento esteroideo, se complicó y falleció. El resultado de la necropsia confirmó la presencia de una neoplasia gástrica.


The clinical case of a man aged 55 undergoing polymiositis diagnosis as a paraneoplastic manifestation when he was alive is presented. Nonetheless, his health condition got worse and he died even after receiving the steroid therapy. The necropsy result confirmed the presence of gastric neoplasm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Steroids/therapeutic use , Polymyositis , Stomach Neoplasms
14.
Medisan ; 15(11)nov. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-48205

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de un hombre de 55 años de edad, en quien se diagnosticó en vida una polimiositis como manifestación paraneoplásica; sin embargo, como no mejoró con el tratamiento esteroideo, se complicó y falleció. El resultado de la necropsia confirmó la presencia de una neoplasia gástrica(AU)


The clinical case of a man aged 55 undergoing polymiositis diagnosis as a paraneoplastic manifestation when he was alive is presented. Nonetheless, his health condition got worse and he died even after receiving the steroid therapy. The necropsy result confirmed the presence of gastric neoplasm(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Polymyositis , Stomach Neoplasms , Steroids/therapeutic use
15.
Rev. para. med ; 25(2/3)abr.-set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-621063

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: traçar um perfil social, ambiental, étnico, nutricional e de hábitos dos pacientes comcâncer gástrico atendidos no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB), a fim deverificar se estes pacientes foram expostos a fatores de risco ou protetores. Método: estudotransversal, descritivo de fonte primária. Dados foram coletados por meio de questionáriocontendo informações relacionadas à história pregressa e dados citados no objetivo.Resultados: foram avaliados 20 pacientes, destes 14 (70%) eram do gênero masculino e 6(30%) do feminino, com média de idade de 62,5 anos. Dentre os parâmetros antropométricosavaliados, o mais sensível foi a circunferência braquial em que 85% dos avaliados apresentaramdesnutrição. Em relação ao etilismo, 70% declararam consumir bebida alcoólica, já o tabagismoera um hábito de 75% dos pacientes. Sobre a conservação dos alimentos, 85% afirmaramutilizar a salmoura e 70% relataram o uso da refrigeração. Por meio da análise do consumoalimentar, destacou-se o alto (25%) e médio (15%) consumo de peixe salgado. O consumo defrutas e sucos naturais foi baixo, inclusive os ricos em vitamina C. Considerações Finais:verificou-se que os pacientes foram expostos a compostos carcinogênicos ao longo de suasvidas. Ressalta-se a baixa ingestão de alimentos fontes de vitamina C, que possui ação protetoradevido a redução da formação de compostos N-nitrosos e a função antioxidante, diminuindo oestresse oxidativo.


Objective: to delineate a nutritional and socioenvironmental profile of gastric cancer patientsattended at the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB) in order to ascertainwhether these patients were exposed to protective or risk factors. Methods: a transversal study,descriptive of primary source. Data were collected through the application of a questionnairecontaining patient?s former history information. Results: there were 20 assessed patients, 14 ofthose (70%) were male and 6 (30%) females with mean age of 62.5 years. Amonganthropometric parameters assessed, the most sensitive was brachial circumference in which85% of individuals suffered from malnutrition. In relation to alcohol intake, 70% reportedalcohol consumption. Smoking was a habit of 75% of patients. On food preservation, 85%reported the use of brine and 70% reported the use of refrigeration. By means of the analysis offood consumption, the highlight was the high (25%) and medium (15%) intake of salted fish.The consumption of fruits and juices were low, including those rich in vitamin C. FinalConsiderations: this study showed that patients were exposed to carcinogenic compoundsthroughout their lives. We highlight the low intake of vitamin C rich foods, which has aprotective action due to reduced formation of N-nitrous compounds and antioxidant function,decreasing oxidative stress.

16.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 24(2): 176-179, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-592490

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: A gastrectomia total nas neoplasias gástricas é um procedimento não isento de complicações precoces e tardias e o tipo de reconstrução do trato digestivo a ser utilizado é ainda questão controversa na literatura. OBJETIVO: Descrever a técnica de Rosanov modificada, após a gastrectomia total, empregada com o objetivo de minimizar a má absorção intestinal e outras complicações após este tipo de procedimento. MÉTODOS: A modificação técnica consiste de não realizar a ligadura distal à anastomose jejuno-duodenal, fazendo assim com que o trânsito alimentar tenha duas vias de passagens, pelo duodeno e pelo jejuno. RESULTADOS: Não foram registradas complicações e a casuística inicial mostrou vantagens sob os aspectos nutricionais após seis meses de seguimento pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: É técnica de fácil execução e os resultados preliminares com o seu emprego foram muito satisfatórios, no entanto outros estudos clínicos devem ser realizados para demonstrar as vantagens da técnica a longo prazo.


BACKGROUND: Total gastrectomy in gastric cancer is a procedure not without early and late complications and type of reconstruction of the digestive tract to be used is still a controversial issue in literature. AIM: To describe a modified Rosanov technique after total gastrectomy, employed with the aim of minimizing the intestinal malabsorption and other complications following this procedure. METHOD: Technical modification is not to hold distal ligature on jejuno-duodenal anastomosis, thereby offering to the food transit two routes by the duodenum and by the jejunum. RESULTS: There were no complications and the initial series showed a benefit in the nutritional aspects after six months of postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION: It is a simple technique and preliminary results with its use were very satisfactory, although other clinical studies must be conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the technique in the long term.


Subject(s)
Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y , Gastrectomy/methods , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Malabsorption Syndromes/surgery
17.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(5): 458-464, oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577281

ABSTRACT

Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach corresponds to 3 to 39 percent of all gastric malignant tumors, and its prognostic significance is not well known. Aim: To compare the prognosis of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach with other types of gastric cancer. Material and Methods: Review of 451 patients operated for gastric carcinoma. Signet ring cell carcinomas were compared with the rest of tumors. Results: One hundred twenty tumors (27 percent) were signet ring cell carcinoma, they were more commonly located in the lower third of the stomach, were less differentiated, bigger and had more lymph nodes involved. Patients with this variety of tumor were younger, more often women and their survival was lower, even when separating incipient and advanced tumors. Conclusions: Signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach had a worst prognosis that other type of gastric tumors.


Introducción: La incidencia de carcinoma gástrico (CG) de células en anillo de sello (CAS) varía de 3 por ciento a 39 por ciento. Trabajos de supervivencia en pacientes con tumores gástricos reportan resultados contradictorios en cuanto a la importancia pronostica del tipo histológico CAS respecto a los otros tipos histológicos. El objetivo del estudio es describir y evaluar la importancia pronostica del tipo histológico CAS comparado con los carcinomas no anillo de sello (CNAS). Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se estudiaron variables clínicas y morfológicas de 451 pacientes operados por CG en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco entre Enero/1986-Diciembre/2001 agrupándose para el análisis según el diagnóstico histopatológico en CAS y CNAS. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los datos y posteriormente se aplicó estadística descriptiva con cálculo de medidas de tendencia central y extrema; y estadísticas analíticas, aplicando Chi cuadrado de Pearson y test exacto de Fisher para variables categóricas, T-Student para variables continuas, Kaplan-Meier y Log-rank test para análisis de supervivencia. Resultados: Un 27 por ciento (120) correspondió a CAS observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos CAS y CNAS para las siguientes variables: género, edad, localización y tamaño tumoral, grado de diferenciación histológico y compromiso ganglionar linfático. El análisis de supervivencia demostró un peor pronóstico para el grupo de CAS (p = 0,02). En el análisis por separado de tumores incipientes y avanzados respecto del tipo histológico, no observamos diferencias significativas para lesiones incipientes (p = 0,07) mientras que para lesiones avanzadas el CAS se asocia a un pronóstico desfavorable (p < 0,0001). Conclusiones: Observamos en nuestra serie un peor pronóstico asociado al tipo histológico CAS respecto a los otros tipos histológicos (CNAS), información crucial que, aportada al clínico, deberá ser...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Cohort Studies , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/surgery , Gastrectomy , Lymphatic Metastasis , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
18.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 22(1): 29-32, jan.-mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-559775

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a predominately male disease. Usually for every female that suffers from this condition there are two males and occurred an increase in the number of females in last decades. Brazil is poor in data about this issue. AIM: To verify if in Brazil it happened: a) a change in the gender ratio and on the average age of the patients; b) an increase in the number of patients with 70 years of age or more suffering from this disease; c) changes in the gender ratio and in the average age in the several gastric locations during the period of study. METHODS: The medical history of patients diagnosed with primary gastric adenocarcinoma, between 1971 and 1998 were obtained at Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Exclusion criteria were: patients suffering from a non epithelial gastric malignancy; adenocarcinoma from the intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus invading the proximal stomach and patients submitted to a gastric resection, due to a benign or malignant tumor during the last five years prior to the surgical procedure analyzed in this study. The patients were divided into 10 years age groups and also divided in three groups, according to their ages and time intervals. Interrelationships between gender and age, and with tumor´s location on gastric wall were analyzed. RESULTS: From 1971 to 1998, 1578 patients with GC were hospitalized. Among them, 1021 were treated with gastric resection, corresponding to 64.7 percent of all patients. There was an increase in the proportion of patients older than 70 years, and decrease between 41 and 70 years. There was no statistical significant difference among the average ages and the different locations. There were significant differences for the locations favoring proximal third and stump, both more prevalent in males. CONCLUSIONS: a) Occurred modifications in the ratio between genders: greater number of women and an increase in the number of male patients in the age group between 41 and 70 years; b) it was proved the greater number of occurrences in patients over 70 years of age; c) there was a greater increase in the male predominance in the tumors located in the stomach´s proximal third.


RACIONAL: O câncer gástrico é afecção predominantemente masculina. Para cada mulher há dois homens, mas tem ocorrido aumento de casos em mulheres nas últimas décadas. O Brasil é pobre em dados sobre esse tema. OBJETIVO: Verificar se no Brasil em relação ao câncer gástrico ocorreu: a) mudança na relação entre os sexos; b) aumento no número de pacientes com mais de 70 anos portadores da doença; c) alteração na relação gênero e média de idade nas variadas localizações do tumor. METODOS: Prontuários de pacientes com adenocarcinoma do estômago 1971 e 1998 foram obtidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil com os seguintes critérios de exclusão: pacientes portadores de doença não epitelial; adenocarcinoma de metaplasia intestinal no esôfago distal invadindo cárdia e pacientes submetidos à ressecção gástrica durante os últimos cinco anos anteriores ao período de estudo. Foram divididos em intervalos de 10 anos e também em três grupos de acordo com suas idades e intervalo de tempo. Foram analisadas inter-relações entre sexo e idade, e a localização do tumor em relação à parte anatômica do órgão. RESULTADOS: De 1971 a 1998, 1578 pacientes foram hospitalizados com câncer do estômago. Dentre eles, 1021 foram tratados com ressecção gástrica (64,7 por cento). Houve aumento na proporção de pacientes com mais de 70 anos e diminuição entre a faixa de 41 a 70. Não houve diferença estatística entre a idade e as várias localizações. Houve diferença significante favorecendo a localização proximal e coto gástrico, ambas mais prevalentes nos homens. CONCLUSÕES: a) Ocorreram modificações na relação entre os sexos: maior número de mulheres e aumento no número de homens na idade entre 41 e 70; b) demonstrou-se aumento no número de pacientes com mais de 70 anos; c) houve aumento da prevalência de tumores na parte proximal do estômago e maior nos homens.

19.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 22(1): 25-28, jan.-mar. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-559774

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Advanced gastric cancer carries a poor-prognosis. The best extent of the node dissection and the value of postoperative adjuvant treatments remain open questions.AIM: To study the efficacy of adjuvant chemoradiation and the prognostic value of some clinico-pathological variables in gastric cancer previously submitted to surgery.METHODS: Retrospective single institution study of 69 patients with histological diagnoses of gastric adenocarcinoma, consecutively submitted to radical surgery with curative intent in a five years period. Lymph node dissection was either D1 or D2 at the surgeon's description. All patients were submitted to adjuvant chemoradiation according to MacDonald et al.2. Treatment discontinuation and early deaths were considered as serious toxic events. Clinical-pathological variables (the extent D level of the node dissection, T/N-stage, histological subtype, margin status, number of the dissected nodes) were correlated to the results. Overall survival was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and the curves were compared by the log-rank test.RESULTS: Patients characteristics: 48 male/21 female, median age 56,4 y (30-79). In 25 patients, the extent of node dissection was D1, in 41 was D2 and D0 in 3. Staging (n): T2 (16); T3 (49); T4 (4); No (11); N1 (29); N2 (20); N3 (8); Nx (1). Histological subtype: intestinal (45), diffuse (19) and unknown (5). Margins were free in 57 patients, the median number of dissected nodes was 31 (0-120). They were treated with linear acelerator 6 MV photons, AP/PA fields with 45Gy in 5 weeks in 90% of the patients and the treatment was done in a mean time of 19,2 weeks. In the median follow-up of 19,3mo (8-52,5mo), 52 patients with more than 24 months of follow-up occurred 38 deaths. The median overall survival for all patients was 22,2 months. Seven (10%) patients presented serious toxic events and treatment was discontinued...


RACIONAL: Câncer gástrico avançado é sempre acompanhado de pobre prognóstico. A melhor forma de ser realizada a linfadenectomia e o valor da radioquimioterapia adjuvante ainda estão em tela de juízo.OBJETIVO: Estudar a eficácia da terapia adjuvante e o valor prognóstico de algumas variáveis clínico-patológicas nos pacientes submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica de seus tumores.MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de uma única instituição hospitalar incluindo 69 pacientes com diagnóstico histológico de adenocarcinoma gástrico consecutivamente submetidos à operação radical com intenção curativa no período de cinco anos. Linfadenectomia foi tanto D1 como D2 e em todos os pacientes foi aplicado o protocolo quimioradioterápico proposto por Macdonald et al.2. Interrupção do tratamento bem como mortes precoces foram consideradas eventos tóxicos sérios. Variáveis clínico-patológicas (extensão do D, estadiamento T/N, subtipos histológicos e número de linfonodos ressecados), foram correlacionados com os resultados. A sobrevida total foi estimada de acordo com o método de Kaplan-Meier.RESULTADOS: Foram 48 homens e 21 mulheres, com idade média de 56,4 anos. Em 25 pacientes a extensão da linfadenectomia foi D1; em 41, D2 e em 3, D0. O estadiamento T2 foi em 16 pacientes; T3 em 49; T4 em 4; N0 em 11; N1 em 29; N2 em 20; N3 em 8; Nx em 1. O subtipo histológico intestinal ocorreu em 45; o difuso em 19 e desconhecido em 5. Em 57 pacientes as margens estavam livres de tumor e foram ressecados em média 31 linfonodos. Foram tratados por acelerador linear 6 MV, AP/PA campos com 45Gy em cinco semanas em 90% dos casos com média de tratamento de 19,2 semanas. No tempo médio de seguimento de 19,3 meses, entre 52 pacientes com mais de 24 meses foram observadas 38 mortes. O tempo médio geral de sobrevida do grupo como um todo foi de 22,2 meses. Sete (10%) apresentaram eventos tóxicos sérios e o tratamento foi interrompido...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasm Staging , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Stomach Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Prognosis , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Follow-Up Studies
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